Causal Relationship of Screening, Electromagnetic / Radiofrequency Radiation and Communication Disorders

Authors

  • Irena Jurišić Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59519/mper3012

Keywords:

children, screening, electromagnetic / radiofrequency radiation, communication

Abstract

We live in a time when ‘screens’ conquer the youngest with their practicality, immediacy and playfulness. Technological advances have brought great benefits to humanity but there are also certain risks and negative consequences.

Although the empirical findings on this phenomenon are neither unequivocal nor definitive, many studies show that exposure to excessive daily doses of electromagnetic / radiofrequency radiation and improper use of the screen result in a negative impact on the overall development of the child. One of the consequences is a communication disorder.

With the existence of a grain of doubt, there is an urgent need for caution, otherwise it can easily happen that we introduce the Trojan horse into the life, proper physical and mental development of children. This paper is based on the assumption that children have a communication disorder due to the combined effects of long-term exposure to electromagnetic / radio frequency radiation and screening. The paper uses methods of analysis, comparison, classification and proving part of the empirical findings on this construct.

References

1. Aagaard, J. (2015). Mobile devices, interaction, and distraction: a qualitative exploration of absent presence. AL &SOCIETY, 31(2), 223-231.

2. American College of Pediatricians. (2016). The Impact of Media Use and Screen Time on Children, Adolescents, and Families, 4(11), Preuzeto s https://acpeds.org/position-statements/the-impact-of-media-use-and-screen-time-on-children-adolescents-and-families (20.veljače 2021).

3. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2017). Handheld screen time linked with speech delays in young children. Science Dail, 4(5). Preuzeto s https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170504083141.htm (20. veljače 2021).

4. Barr, R. (2013). Memory constraints on infant learning from picture books, television on touchscreens. Child Development Perspectives, 7(4), 205–210.

5. Birks, L. E., Van Wel, L., Liorni, I., Pierotti, L., Guxens, M., Huss, A., Foerster, M., Capstick, M., Eeftens, M., El Marroun, H., Estarlich, M., Gallastegi, M., Safont, L. G., Joseph, W., Santa-Marina, L., Thielens, A., Torrent, M., Vrijkotte, T., Wiart, J., Röösli, M., Cardis, E., Vermeulen, R. & Vrijheid, M. (2020). Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Communication: Description of Modeled Dose in Brain Regions

and the Body in European Children and Adolescents. Environmental Research, 24(11), 193.

6. Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Ruggiero, M., Memo, L., Agostiniani, R., Bozzola, M., Corsello, G. & Villani, A. (2018). Media devices inpre-school children: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 44(1).

7. Canadian Paediatric Society. (2017). Digital Health Task Force, Ottawa, Ontario. Screen time and young children: Promoting health and development in a digital world. Paediatr Child Health, 22(8), 461-477.

8. Choi, K. H., Ha, M., Ha, E. H., Park, H., Kim, Y., Hong, Y. C., Lee, A. K., Hwa Kwon, J., Choi, H. D., Kim, N., Kim, S. & Park, C. (2017). Neurodevelopment for the first three years following prenatal mobile phone use, radio frequency radiation and lead exposure. Environtal Research, 156, 810-817.

9. Christ A., Gosselin, M.-C., Christopoulou, M., Kühn, S. & Kuster, N. (2010). Age-dependent tissue-specifi c exposure of cell phone users. Physics in Mediine and Biology, 55(7), 1767–1783.

10. Chonchaiya, W. & Pruksananonda, C. (2008). Television viewing associates with delayed language development. Acta Paediatrica, 97(7), 977-982.

11. Divan, H. A., Kheifets, L. & Olsen, J. (2011). Prenatal cell phone use and developmental milestone delays among infants. Scand J Work Environ Health, 37(4), 341-348.

12. Falcioni, L., Bua, L., Tibaldi, E., Lauriola, M., De Angelis, L., Gnudi, F., Mandrioli, D., Manservigi, M., Manservisi, F., Manzoli, I., Menghetti, I., Montella, R., Panzacchi, S., Sgargi, D., Strollo, V., Vornoli, A. & Belpoggi, F. (2018). Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of

a 1.8 GHz GSM base station environmental emission. Environmental Research, 165(8), 496-503.

13. Fengming, L., Jin, C., Yinggang, L., Dianguo, X., Jianhua, Chen. & Xuewen, S. (2017). Impact of electromagnetic irradiation produced by 3G mobile phone on brain neurotransmitters in mice during growth and development period. Biomedical Research. Preuzeto s https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/impact-of-electromagnetic-irradiation-produced-by-3g-mobile-phone-on-brain-neurotransmitters-

in-mice-during-growth-and-development-7959.html (18. veljače 2021).

14. Ferguson, C. J. & Beresin, E. (2017). Social science’s curious war with pop culture and how it was lost: the media violence debate and the risks it holds for social science. Preventive Medicine, 99, 69-76.

15. Gandhi, O. P., Morgan, L. L., de Salles, A. A., Han, Y. Y., Herberman, R. B. & Davis, D. L. (2011). Exposure limits: The underestimation of absorbed cell phone radiation, especially in children. Electromagn Biology and Medicine, 31(1), 34-51.

16. Gergen, K. (2002). The Challenge of Absent Presence. In: Katz, J., Aakhus, M. (eds) Perpetual contact: mobile communication, private talk, public performance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Preuzeto s https://works.swarthmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1568&context=fac-psychology (18. veljače 2021).

17. Golinkoff, R. M., Can, D. D., Soderstrom, M. & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2015). (Baby) Talk to Me. Current Directions in Psyhological Science, 24(5), 339-344.

18. Guxens, M., van Eijsden M., Vermeulen, R., Loomans, E., Vrijkotte, T. G., Komhout, H., van Strien, R. T. & Huss, A. (2013). Maternal cell phone and cordless phone use during pregnancy and behaviour problems in 5-year-old children. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 67(5), 432-438.

19. Haghani, M., Pouladvand, V., Mortazavi, S.M.J., Razavinasab, M., Bayat, M. & Shabani, M. (2020). Exposure to Electromagnetic Field during Gestation Adversely Affects the Electrophysiological Properties of Purkinje Cells in Rat Offspring. Journal of Biomedical Physics Engineering, 8(1).

20. Hardell, L., Hansson Mild, K., Sandström, M., Carlberg, M., Hallquist, A. & Påhlson, A. (2003). Vestibular Schwannoma, Tinnitus and Cellular Telephones. Neuroepidemiology, 22(2), 124-129.

21. IARC, (2013). Non-ionizing Radiation, Part 2: Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans/World Health Organization 102. International Agency for Research on Cancer.

22. International Telecommunication Union, (2016). ICT Facts and Figures 2016. International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland.

23. Yang, X., Chen, Z., Wang, Z. & Zhu, L. (2017). The Relations between Television Exposure and Executive Eunction in Chinese Preschoolers: The Moderated Role of Parental Mediation Behaviors. Front in Psychology, 8.

24. Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P. & Bonner, R. L. (2015). Exposure and Use of Mobile Media Devices by Young Children. Pediatrics, 136(6),1044-1050.

25. Kumlin, T., Heikkinen, P., Laitinen, J. T. & Juutilainen, J. (2005). Exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field induces a circadian rhythm in 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate excretion in mice. Journal of Radiation Research, 46(3), 313–318.

26. Lauricella, A. R., Blackwell, C. K., & Wartella, E. (2017). The “new” technology environment: The Role of Content and Context on Learning and Development from Mobile Media. Media Exposure During Infancy and Early Childhood, 1-23.

27. Lai, H. & Singh, N. P. (1997). Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics, 18(6), 446–454.

28. Li, C., Cheng, G., Sha, T., Cheng, W., & Yan, Y. (2020). The Relationships between Screen Use and Health Indicators among Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(19), 7324.

29. Madigan, S., Browne, D., Racine, N., Mori, C. & Tough, S. (2019). Association between screen time and children’s performance on a developmental screening test. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(3), 244-250.

30. Madigan, S., McArthur, B. A., Anhorn, C., Eirich, R. & Christakis, D. A. (2020). Associations Between Screen Use and Child Language Skills: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(7), 665-675.

31. McDaniel, B. T. (2015). “Technoference”: Everyday intrusions and interruptions of technology in couple and family relationships. In C. J. Bruess (Ed.), Family communication in the age of digital and social media. New York, NY: Peter Lang.

32. McQueen, A., Cress, C. & Tothy, A. (2012). Using a tablet computer during pediatric procedures: a case series and review of the “apps”. Pediatric Emergenci Care, 28(7), 712–714.

33. Moon, J. H. (2020). Health effects of electromagnetic fields on children. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics, 63(11), 428.

34. Morgan, L. I., Kesari, S. & Davis, D. (2014). Why children absorb more microwave radiation than adults: The consequences. Kpurnal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, 2(4), 197.

35. Operto, F. F., Pastorino, G. M. G., Marciano, J., de Simone, V., Volini, A. P., Olivieri, M., Buonaiuto, R., Vetri, L., Viggiano, A., Coppola, G. (2020). Digital Devices Use and Language Skills in Children between 8 and 36 Month. Brain Sciences, 10(9), 656.

36. Papadopoulou, E., Haugen, M., Schjølberg, S., Magnus, P., Brunborg, G., Vrijheid, M. & Alexander, J. (2017). Maternal cell phone use in early pregnancy and child’s language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years: the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa). BMC Public Health, 17(1).

37. Peiró-Velert, C., Valencia-Peris, A., González, L. M., García-Massó, X., Serra-Añó, P., & Devís-Devís, J. (2014). Screen media usage, sleep time and academic performance in adolescents: clustering a self-organizing maps analysis. PloS One, 9(6), e99478.

38. Prasad, M., Kathuria, P., Nair, P., Kumar, A. & Prasad, K. (2017). Mobile phone use and risk of brain tumours: a systematic review of association between study quality, source of funding, and research outcomes. Neurological Sciences, 38(5), 797-810.

39. Radesky, J. S., Schumacher, J. & Zuckerman, B. (2015). Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young Children: the Good, the Bad, and the Unknown. PEDIATRICS, 135(1), 1-3.

40. Redmayne, M., Inyang, I., Dimitriadis, C., Benke, G. & Abramson, M. J. (2020). Cordless telephone use: implications for mobile phone research. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 12(4), 809.

41. Sakatani, S., Okada, Y.C. & Hirose, A. (2002). A quantitative evaluation of dominant membrane potential in generation of magnetic field using a pyramidal cell model at hippocampus CA3. Neurocomputing, 44–46, 153-160.

42. Samuel, J. G., Ojuawo, A. A., Gbadamosi, S. T. & Olaoye, O. T. (2020). Perceived usefulnessof digital technology on language development of children. Department of Social Sciences Education, University of Ilorin. IJITIE, 4(1).

43. Sato, Y., Akiba, S., Kubo, O., & Yamaguchi, N. (2010). A case-case study of mobile phone use and acoustic neuroma risk in Japan. Bioelectromagnetics, 32(2), 85–93.

44. Seitz, H., Stinner, D., Eikmann, T., Herr, C. & Röösli, M.(2004). Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) and subjective health complaints associated with electromagnetic fields of mobile phone communication--a literature review published between 2000 and 2004. Science of the Total Environment, 349(1-3), 45-55.

45. Singh, S. & Kapoor, N. (2014). Health Implications of Electromagnetic Fields, Mechanisms of Action, and Research Needs. Biological Sciences, 23(9), 24.

46. Sudan, M., Birks, L. E., Aurrekoetxea, J. J., Ferrero, A., Gallastegi, M., Guxens M., Ha, M., Lim, H., Olsen, J., González-Safont, L., Vrijheid, M. & Kheifets, L. (2018). Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child cognition at age 5 years in 3 birth cohorts. Environment International, 120, 155-162.

47. Straker, L., Zabatiero, J., Danby, S., Thorpe, K. & Edwards, S. (2018). Conflicting Guidelines on Young Children’s Screen Time and Use of Digital Technology Create Policy and Practice Dilemmas. The Journal of Pediatrics, 202, 300-303.

48. World Health Organization. (2010). WHO Research Agenda for Radiofrequency Fields. World Health Organization. Preuzeto s https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44396/9789241599948_eng.pdf. (18. veljače 2021).

49. Ripetitori telefonia mobile, l’Istituto Ramazzini comunica gli esiti del suo studio (2018). Preuzeto s https://www.ramazzini.org/comunicato/ripetitori-telefonia-mobile-listituto-ramazzini-comunica-gli-esiti-del-suo-studio/ (18. veljače 2021).

Published

26.10.2021

How to Cite

Causal Relationship of Screening, Electromagnetic / Radiofrequency Radiation and Communication Disorders. (2021). Multidisciplinarni Pristupi U Edukaciji I Rehabilitaciji, 3(3), 149-161. https://doi.org/10.59519/mper3012

Similar Articles

81-90 of 104

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.